• Trending
Zelensky

African presidents shun Volodymyr Zelensky

21th June 2022
Why do the two Congos have the same name?

Why do the two Congos have the same name?

1th December 2022
Does Africa have 54, 55 countries… or more?

Does Africa have 54, 55 countries… or more?

August 6, 2021
Sex tourism in Africa, between taboos and instrumentalisation

Sex tourism in Africa, between taboos and instrumentalisation

September 27, 2021
Africa Elections 2022

2022, year of elections and uncertainties in Africa

2th January 2022
Hassan Morocco

Morocco: the heir Hassan III, the spitting image of his grandfather?

17th February 2022
Black Ax

[Gangs of Africa] "Black Axe", the mysterious Nigerian mafia

August 2, 2022
The arming of Ukraine by the Americans goes through Morocco

The arming of Ukraine by the Americans goes through Morocco

6th December 2022
Francois Beya

DRC: who is François Beya, the "Mister Intelligence" who has just been arrested?

6th February 2022
Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II: a stainless queen and an empire that refuses to die

6th June 2022
Philip Simo

[Series] The scammers of Africa: Philippe Simo, the "smooth talker" entrepreneur

March 9, 2022
Horn of africa

How Chinese and Americans fight over the Horn of Africa

9th January 2022
Sunday, 26 March 2023
Passports
العربية AR 简体中文 ZH-CN English EN Français FR Deutsch DE Português PT Русский RU Español ES Türkçe TR
Country
No Result
View All Result
The Journal of Africa
canxnumx
Careers
  • Home
  • Africa yesterday
    Algeria: 60 years later, what remains of the decrees of March 1963 on self-management?

    Algeria: 60 years later, what remains of the decrees of March 1963 on self-management?

    How African footballers are fighting to fit in and succeed in Europe

    How African footballers are fighting to fit in and succeed in Europe

    Joseph Kony, the altar boy who became the most wanted man in Africa

    Joseph Kony, the altar boy who became the most wanted man in Africa

    In Côte d'Ivoire, mourning the post-election violence of 2011

    In Côte d'Ivoire, mourning the post-election violence of 2011

    Coca-Cola or the story of an African conquest

    Coca-Cola or the story of an African conquest

    In Guinea, what does the FNCD still weigh?

    In Guinea, what does the FNCD still weigh?

    Jean-Paul Zé Bella, the Cameroonian soldier who became a world music legend

    Jean-Paul Zé Bella, the Cameroonian soldier who became a world music legend

    Large mammals shaped human evolution: Here's why it happened in Africa

    Large mammals shaped human evolution: Here's why it happened in Africa

    January 26, 1978: the day Tunisia experienced a “Black Thursday”

    January 26, 1978: the day Tunisia experienced a “Black Thursday”

  • Africa today
    Tunisia: the consequences of the president's remarks against black migrants

    Tunisia: the consequences of the president's remarks against black migrants

    Nicolas Sarkozy's embarrassing visit to Kinshasa

    Nicolas Sarkozy's embarrassing visit to Kinshasa

    Why China is increasingly interested in Madagascar

    Madagascar: between the executive and the deputies of the majority, the rupture?

    Guinea: 15 minors dead, buried in a mass grave

    By whom is the DRC plundering its minerals?

    In Senegal, is Ousmane Sonko doing too much?

    In Senegal, is Ousmane Sonko doing too much?

    Mauritania: arrest of Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz

    Mauritania: Does Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz want to avoid trial?

    Sahel: civilian populations put to the test by a jihadist insurgency

    Sahel: civilian populations put to the test by a jihadist insurgency

    Political crises due to constitutions that are too vague?

    Political crises due to constitutions that are too vague?

    The European Agency Frontex, an accomplice in abuses against migrants?

    Migration flows: Europe, a friend who wishes us well?

  • Africa according to
    Niger: how to feed 25 million additional people in 30 years?

    Niger: how to feed 25 million additional people in 30 years?

    In the DRC, the United States slows down Chinese expansion

    The European carbon tax could cost Africa dearly

    Guinea Doumbouya

    In Guinea, soon a new Constitution… and promises

    Food security in Africa: growing legumes to use less mineral fertilizers?

    Food security in Africa: growing legumes to use less mineral fertilizers?

    George Weah misses his constitutional reform

    In Liberia, George Weah aims for the double

    What prospects for the African economy in 2023?

    What prospects for the African economy in 2023?

    Take inspiration from Asia for the organization of sporting events?

    CAN 2025: who is the favorite to host the competition?

    At the polls (7/7): in Sierra Leone, will Julius Maada Bio remain in office?

    At the polls (7/7): in Sierra Leone, will Julius Maada Bio remain in office?

    DRC: how Tshisekedi wants to take action

    At the polls (6/7): Will Félix Tshisekedi go into extra time?

  • Editorial
    tonakpa

    [Tonakpa's mood] The new “military democracies”

    [Editorial] 30 years later, is apartheid really over?

    [Editorial] 30 years later, is apartheid really over?

    [Edito] Gabon and Commonwealth: the whims of Prince Ali

    [Edito] Gabon and Commonwealth: the whims of Prince Ali

    [Editorial] Facebook and Twitter, more dictators than dictators?

    [Editorial] Facebook and Twitter, more dictators than dictators?

    [Edito] Rwanda: for the French apologies, we will have to go back

    [Edito] Rwanda: for the French apologies, we will have to go back

    [Edito] Guinea: Alpha Condé, the oppressed turned oppressor

    [Edito] Guinea: Alpha Condé, the oppressed turned oppressor

    [Edito] CFA Franc: a facelift cut to measure for France

    [Edito] CFA Franc: a facelift cut to measure for France

    [Edito] Riyad Mahrez: One, two, three, viva l'Algérie!

    [Edito] Riyad Mahrez: One, two, three, viva l'Algérie!

    [Edito] Niger: Mohamed Bazoum begins a delicate balancing act

    [Edito] Niger: Mohamed Bazoum begins a delicate balancing act

  • Contact
  • Home
  • Africa yesterday
    Algeria: 60 years later, what remains of the decrees of March 1963 on self-management?

    Algeria: 60 years later, what remains of the decrees of March 1963 on self-management?

    How African footballers are fighting to fit in and succeed in Europe

    How African footballers are fighting to fit in and succeed in Europe

    Joseph Kony, the altar boy who became the most wanted man in Africa

    Joseph Kony, the altar boy who became the most wanted man in Africa

    In Côte d'Ivoire, mourning the post-election violence of 2011

    In Côte d'Ivoire, mourning the post-election violence of 2011

    Coca-Cola or the story of an African conquest

    Coca-Cola or the story of an African conquest

    In Guinea, what does the FNCD still weigh?

    In Guinea, what does the FNCD still weigh?

    Jean-Paul Zé Bella, the Cameroonian soldier who became a world music legend

    Jean-Paul Zé Bella, the Cameroonian soldier who became a world music legend

    Large mammals shaped human evolution: Here's why it happened in Africa

    Large mammals shaped human evolution: Here's why it happened in Africa

    January 26, 1978: the day Tunisia experienced a “Black Thursday”

    January 26, 1978: the day Tunisia experienced a “Black Thursday”

  • Africa today
    Tunisia: the consequences of the president's remarks against black migrants

    Tunisia: the consequences of the president's remarks against black migrants

    Nicolas Sarkozy's embarrassing visit to Kinshasa

    Nicolas Sarkozy's embarrassing visit to Kinshasa

    Why China is increasingly interested in Madagascar

    Madagascar: between the executive and the deputies of the majority, the rupture?

    Guinea: 15 minors dead, buried in a mass grave

    By whom is the DRC plundering its minerals?

    In Senegal, is Ousmane Sonko doing too much?

    In Senegal, is Ousmane Sonko doing too much?

    Mauritania: arrest of Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz

    Mauritania: Does Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz want to avoid trial?

    Sahel: civilian populations put to the test by a jihadist insurgency

    Sahel: civilian populations put to the test by a jihadist insurgency

    Political crises due to constitutions that are too vague?

    Political crises due to constitutions that are too vague?

    The European Agency Frontex, an accomplice in abuses against migrants?

    Migration flows: Europe, a friend who wishes us well?

  • Africa according to
    Niger: how to feed 25 million additional people in 30 years?

    Niger: how to feed 25 million additional people in 30 years?

    In the DRC, the United States slows down Chinese expansion

    The European carbon tax could cost Africa dearly

    Guinea Doumbouya

    In Guinea, soon a new Constitution… and promises

    Food security in Africa: growing legumes to use less mineral fertilizers?

    Food security in Africa: growing legumes to use less mineral fertilizers?

    George Weah misses his constitutional reform

    In Liberia, George Weah aims for the double

    What prospects for the African economy in 2023?

    What prospects for the African economy in 2023?

    Take inspiration from Asia for the organization of sporting events?

    CAN 2025: who is the favorite to host the competition?

    At the polls (7/7): in Sierra Leone, will Julius Maada Bio remain in office?

    At the polls (7/7): in Sierra Leone, will Julius Maada Bio remain in office?

    DRC: how Tshisekedi wants to take action

    At the polls (6/7): Will Félix Tshisekedi go into extra time?

  • Editorial
    tonakpa

    [Tonakpa's mood] The new “military democracies”

    [Editorial] 30 years later, is apartheid really over?

    [Editorial] 30 years later, is apartheid really over?

    [Edito] Gabon and Commonwealth: the whims of Prince Ali

    [Edito] Gabon and Commonwealth: the whims of Prince Ali

    [Editorial] Facebook and Twitter, more dictators than dictators?

    [Editorial] Facebook and Twitter, more dictators than dictators?

    [Edito] Rwanda: for the French apologies, we will have to go back

    [Edito] Rwanda: for the French apologies, we will have to go back

    [Edito] Guinea: Alpha Condé, the oppressed turned oppressor

    [Edito] Guinea: Alpha Condé, the oppressed turned oppressor

    [Edito] CFA Franc: a facelift cut to measure for France

    [Edito] CFA Franc: a facelift cut to measure for France

    [Edito] Riyad Mahrez: One, two, three, viva l'Algérie!

    [Edito] Riyad Mahrez: One, two, three, viva l'Algérie!

    [Edito] Niger: Mohamed Bazoum begins a delicate balancing act

    [Edito] Niger: Mohamed Bazoum begins a delicate balancing act

  • Contact
No Result
View All Result
The Journal of Africa
Home Africa today

South Sudan: What results after a decade of independence?

Omar Lucien Koffi About Omar Lucien Koffi
fr Français▼
X
ar العربيةzh-CN 简体中文en Englishfr Françaisde Deutschla Latinmt Maltesefa فارسیpt Portuguêsru Русскийes Españoltr Türkçe
Friday July 9, 2021, at 12:12 PM
In Africa today
A A
South Sudan: What results after a decade of independence?

This July 9, the youngest nation in the world, South Sudan, celebrates its independence. The social situation in the country is still tense. What does this have to do with the conflicts over oil? What about the divisions within the political class?

On July 9, 2011, South Sudan seceded from Sudan. The South Sudanese state was then immediately recognized by the United Nations. Due to the existence of South Sudan outside the sphere of international influence, several world powers saw an opportunity. The country's basements are soaked in hydrocarbons. And South Sudan's proximity to the Horn of Africa is as attractive to the United States and Europe as it is to Russia, China and Turkey.

However, whether it was during the Civil War and the civil war that followed, none of these powers intervened officially. However, Uganda and Sudan on the one hand, and Ethiopia and the United States on the other, weighed heavily in the logistics of the warring parties.

Currently, the war has given way to a deep humanitarian crisis. The millions of people displaced by the conflict between President Salva Kiir Mayardit and Riek Machar are struggling to return to normal life.

The independence of South Sudan, a concession

Like neighboring countries, Sudan was a divided nation and federal states. The armed rebellion in Darfur then encouraged several governors to demand the independence of Khartoum. However, for fear of being overwhelmed to the point that the country would crumble, Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir called a referendum.

South Sudan's self-determination referendum followed a peace deal with the rebels. The ballot was in favor of secession at 99%. El-Bashir abdicated to the result. However, details were yet to be determined. On the side of Khartoum, the sacrifice of oil from the South expected a political victory for the president's regime.

The oil windfall has affected the two countries in different ways. So in Sudan, inflation has exploded. In South Sudan, political disputes between the leaders of the revolt sparked a brutal civil war. Around 400 South Sudanese died between 000 and 2013. And the enemies of this war are the protagonists of the revolution, as well as the leaders of the young country.

Riek Machar and Salva Kiir

Salva Kiir and Riek Machar, protagonists of a calamity

The country's first and only president since 2011, Salva Kiir, head of the MPLS, was the vice president of Sudan before secession. A military man before joining the revolt, he had succeeded John Garang. He does not, however, have the same strength of character as his predecessor, nor his penchant for diplomacy. He thus lost the historic Ugandan support of the movement from independence.

On the other hand, Vice President Riek Machar, who has resumed his post since the 2020 ceasefire, has been Salva Kiir's best enemy for 10 years. More involved in South Sudanese politics, the boss of the SPLA has joined the president's party on several occasions.

Kiir and Machar had led the rebellion since 2005. And the political outcome of the War of Independence had surprised them. Yet career politicians, the two rebels have experienced many difficulties. First, the union of the two statesmen was conditioned by the necessity of the time of the conflict against the federal state. Second, Kiir and Machar never shared any affinity with neutrality. Respectively extreme right and extreme left, and endowed with two powerful militias, they have disappointed the hopes of the South Sudanese by waging war.

A civil war of incredible brutality

The civil war was caused purely by divisions within the MPLS. Undoubtedly, ethnicity played a major role in the civil war. Salva Kiir is Dinka and Riek Machar is Nuer. When the opportunity arose in 2013 for the two leaders to agree to calm the ethnic conflict in the capital Juba, they preferred to politicize it. President Salva Kiir accused Machar of an attempted coup. The vice president then fled, his ruling supporters were persecuted. Then, a western coalition formed by Germany, Italy, Great Britain and the United States supported the withdrawal of Nuers leaders from the capital.

Kiir's government therefore intensified hostilities. And Riek Machar's soldiers have flocked to strategic sites in order to bend the central power. By capturing the oil fields, a status quo was established in 2014. A first peace was signed by Machar and Kiir in Addis Ababa.

However, the conflict resumed, more brutally, two months later. The ceasefire was not respected until 2016, under Western pressure. Then Riek Machar resumed his post of vice-president. In the streets of Juba, Machar's lieutenants excluded from the 2016 agreement have resumed arms. And bloody clashes sparked the deployment of UN peacekeepers. For two years, the spiral of violence shattered the fragile peace, and caused famine in the country, as well as more than 200 deaths. In 000, South Sudan finally finds peace, and talks resume. After a diplomatic marathon, Machar and Kiir return to the status quo in February 2020. Since then, the country has been relatively stable, but at what cost?

#UPDATE South Sudan - the youngest nation is the world - is turning 10 today. But, after a decade of independence, not everything has gone according to plan. A civil war has torn through the country & it has exacerbated other conflicts over cattle, land and ethnic tensions too. pic.twitter.com/X5c3GWDUEs

- Mowliid Haji Abdi (@MowliidHaji) July 9th, 2021

Is there a future for South Sudan?

The horrors of the civil war in South Sudan are historically among the worst in Africa. In the contemporary history of the continent, no conflict has caused so many deaths in such a short time. And even CAR and DRC cannot compete with South Sudan's brutality and war crimes.

The UN, the African Union and NGOs report 2 to 3 million displaced people, as well as 400 deaths in total. A real butcher's shop. However, the fear of South Sudan was not limited to this. Executions were carried out in the hundreds, every day, by burning and beheading civilians. Rape, emasculations, slavery crimes and the conscription of children left scars in the memory of the entire South Sudanese population.

In addition, the relative peace in the country is already threatened by the thirst for blood of the warlords who have turned into bandits. Without neglecting the thirst for oil of neighboring countries and the West. Meanwhile, famine has become a daily reality in the west of the small and young nation. And even NGOs no longer venture into South Sudanese territory for fear of the inhuman violence that the civil war has normalized.

For this insecurity, and others more common but less easy to resolve, such as shattered finances, non-existent employment, dilapidated infrastructure and the health crisis, South Sudan is bitterly celebrating its independence. The uncertain future of the country worries its citizens. And there is doubt as to the possibilities, or prospects available, to pull South Sudan out of the abyss.

Fun facts about South Sudan! 🇸🇸
-Tall people.
-Youngest country
-Land of the dark melanin
-More than 60 ethnic groups.
-over 60 languages ​​spoken in the country.
-Majority of population under the age of 25.
And the list goes on !!
(July 9th 2011) pic.twitter.com/OWnSlvrtX2

— Duot B. Ajang  (@king_duot) July 9th, 2020

Tags: in oneCulturePolicyCompany
Previous Article

France's decision to withdraw troops from the Sahel calls for a less military approach

Next article

In Libya, the UN special envoy, Jan Kubis, alone against all

Omar Lucien Koffi

Omar Lucien Koffi

Leave comments Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked with *

All the news About AFLIP
  • South Africa
  • Algeria
  • Angola
  • Benin
  • Botswana
  • Burkina Faso
  • Burundi
  • Cameroon
  • Green cap
  • Central
  • Comoros
  • Ivory Coast
  • Djibouti
  • Egypt
  • Eritrea
  • Ethiopia
  • Gabon
  • The Gambia
  • Ghana
  • Guinea
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Equatorial Guinea
  • Kenya
  • Lesotho
  • Liberia
  • Libya
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Mali
  • Morocco
  • Mauritius
  • Mauritania
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • Uganda
  • Republic of Congo
  • DR Congo
  • Rwanda
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Senegal
  • Seychelles
  • Sierra Leone
  • Somalia
  • Sudan
  • South Sudan
  • Swaziland
  • Tanzania
  • Chad
  • Tunisia
  • Togo
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

Maghreb & Middle East

  • Algeria
  • Egypt
  • Libya
  • Morocco
  • Mauritania
  • Middle-East
  • Tunisia

West Africa

  • Benin
  • Burkina Faso
  • Green cap
  • Côte d'Ivoire
  • The Gambia
  • Ghana
  • Guinea Conakry
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Liberia
  • Mali
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • Senegal
  • Sierra Leone
  • Togo

Central Africa

  • Central African Republic
  • Cameroon
  • Gabon
  • Equatorial Guinea
  • Democratic Republic of Congo
  • Republic of Congo
  • Chad
  • Sao Tome and Principe

East Africa

  • Burundi
  • Djibouti
  • Eritrea
  • Ethiopia
  • Kenya
  • Uganda
  • Rwanda
  • Somalia
  • Sudan
  • South Sudan
  • Tanzania

Southern Africa and Indian Ocean

  • South Africa
  • Angola
  • Botswana
  • Comoros
  • Lesotho
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Mauritius
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Seychelles
  • Eswatini
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe
  • About us
  • Editorial
  • Legal notices
  • Contact
  • May 2021
العربية AR 简体中文 ZH-CN English EN Français FR Deutsch DE Português PT Русский RU Español ES Türkçe TR

© 2022 The Journal of Africa.

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Africa according to
  • Africa yesterday
  • Africa today
  • Careers
  • Passports
  • May 2021
  • Contact

© 2022 The Journal of Africa.

Welcome back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Create New Account!

Fill the forms below to register

Đã cần thiết All trường. Log In

Retrieve your password

Hãy nhập tên người dùng hoặc địa chỉ email để mở mật khẩu

Log In

Add new playlist

Go to Mobile Version